See abys on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "abys",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "particle",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "29 29 22 20",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
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{
"word": "aby"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular of aby"
],
"id": "en-abys-cs-particle-C9Nsby0z",
"links": [
[
"aby",
"aby#Czech"
]
],
"tags": [
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"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪs]"
}
],
"word": "abys"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "abys",
"name": "head"
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"aby",
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]
],
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"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪs]"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ἄβυσσος",
"etydate": "1618",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewb-der.\nAncient Greek βυθός (buthós)\nAncient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos)lbor.\nPolish abys\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"depth of the sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰewb-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βυθός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἄβυσσος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"abys\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"abys\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). First attested in 1618.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewb-der.\nAncient Greek βυθός (buthós)\nAncient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos)lbor.\nPolish abys\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). First attested in 1618.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abys m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abysa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"singular"
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{
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{
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abysie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "abys m animacy unattested",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"accs": "-",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "-",
"genp": "abysów",
"gens": "abysa",
"insp": "-",
"inss": "-",
"locp": "-",
"locs": "-",
"nomp": "abysy",
"rnoms": "abys",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "abysie"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "abysalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abisobiont"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abisofil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abysal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abyss (hell)"
],
"id": "en-abys-pl-noun-phE7L7SU",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) abyss (hell)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "7 7 46 41",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"abyss (bottomless or unfathomed depth)"
],
"id": "en-abys-pl-noun-~v8G0pBu",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) abyss (bottomless or unfathomed depth)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czeluść"
},
{
"word": "otchłań"
},
{
"word": "przepaść"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɒ.bɨs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"word": "abys"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
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{
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"2": "particle"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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{
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{
"word": "aby"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
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]
],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪs]"
}
],
"word": "abys"
}
{
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"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech particles",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
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"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "abys",
"name": "head"
}
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"lang_code": "cs",
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{
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{
"word": "aby"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
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"aby#Czech"
]
],
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"second-person",
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈabɪs]"
}
],
"word": "abys"
}
{
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"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewb-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *né",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ἄβυσσος",
"etydate": "1618",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewb-der.\nAncient Greek βυθός (buthós)\nAncient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos)lbor.\nPolish abys\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"depth of the sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰewb-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βυθός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἄβυσσος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"abys\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"abys\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). First attested in 1618.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewb-der.\nAncient Greek βυθός (buthós)\nAncient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos)lbor.\nPolish abys\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). First attested in 1618.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abys m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abysa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abysów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abysie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "abys m animacy unattested",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"accp": "-",
"accs": "-",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "-",
"genp": "abysów",
"gens": "abysa",
"insp": "-",
"inss": "-",
"locp": "-",
"locs": "-",
"nomp": "abysy",
"rnoms": "abys",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "abysie"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "abysalny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abisobiont"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abisofil"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "abysal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"abyss (hell)"
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) abyss (hell)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"abyss (bottomless or unfathomed depth)"
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) abyss (bottomless or unfathomed depth)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czeluść"
},
{
"word": "otchłań"
},
{
"word": "przepaść"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɨs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɒ.bɨs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"word": "abys"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abys meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'abys m animacy unattested' in 'abys m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"abys"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abys",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.